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Description
Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC): Commonly referred to as PAC, also known as basic aluminum chloride or hydroxy aluminum chloride. Its chemical formula is [Al2(OH)nCl6-n]m. Structural type:
National-grade Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) is a polyhydroxy, multi-core complex cationic inorganic polymer coagulant. It appears as a solid resin in various colors, including yellow, light yellow, dark brown, or dark gray. The defining features of PAC are its outstanding water purification efficacy, rapid flocculation and sedimentation, high activity, and no need for additional alkaline agents. Its wide PH adaptability enables efficient performance across different water conditions. PAC purifies water by destabilizing and aggregating fine suspended and colloidal particles through mechanisms like double-layer compression, charge neutralization, adsorption bridging, and precipitate entrapment.
Specifications
| Indicator Name | Index | Test method | |
| Liquid | Solid | ||
| Mass fraction of alumina(Al₂O₃)/% ≥ | 8.0 | 28.0 | 6.3 |
| Density(20℃)/(g/cm³) ≥ | 1.12 | —— | 6.4 |
| Basicity /% | 20-98 | 6.5 | |
| Mass fraction of insoluble substances /% ≤ | 0.4 | 6.6 | |
| PH value(10g/L aqueous solution) | 3.5-5.0 | 6.7 | |
| Mass fraction of iron(Fe)/% ≤ | 1.5 | 6.8 | |
| Mass fraction of ammonia nitrogen /% ≤ | 0.05 | 6.9 | |
| Mass fraction of arsenic(As) /% ≤ | 0.000 5 | 6.10 | |
| Mass fraction of lead (Pb)/% | 0.002 | 6.11 | |
| Mass fraction of cadmium(Cd)/% ≤ | 0.000 5 | 6.12 | |
| Mass fraction of mercury(Hg)/% ≤ | 0.000 05 | 6.13 | |
| Mass fraction of chromium/% ≤ | 0.005 | 6.14 | |
| The indicators of insoluble substances, iron, ammonia nitrogen, arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium in the products listed in the table are calculated based on a mass fraction of 10% Al ₂ O3. When the Al ₂ O3 content is not equal to 10%, the actual content should be converted into a production ratio of 10% Al ₂ O3 and the corresponding mass fraction should be calculated. | |||
Product Performance
1.Wide Application Range, Effective in treating various water types. It has an excellent purification effect, with a turbidity reduction rate of up to 96%, decolorization rate of 60%, and COD removal rate of 50%. PAC effectively removes turbidity, SS, COD, BOD, heavy metal ions (e.g., potassium, lead, mercury), oils, and humic substances.
2.Fast Flocculation and Sedimentation: PAC flocculates and settles quickly without causing turbidity from overdosing and maintains stable coagulation performance even in low water temperatures.
3.Low Corrosion: With higher alkalinity than other aluminum or iron salts, PAC is less corrosive to equipment.
4.Wide PH Range: Effective in a wide pH range (5–9).
Physical and Chemical Properties
PAC is thermally stable, with the solid form only beginning to soften at 220-230°C. Degradation of PAC’s aqueous solution occurs significantly only above 110°C. When preparing PAC for use, dilute the solid into a solution and conduct preliminary tests to determine the optimal dosage based on the characteristics of the source water.Polyaluminum chloride is insoluble in benzene, toluene, xylene, gasoline, kerosene, and diesel, but soluble in water. Polyaluminum chloride reacts with alkali to produce partially hydrolyzed polyaluminum chloride, which undergoes imidization reaction under strong acidity (pH ≤ 2.5), reducing its solubility in water; It can be crosslinked by multi nuclear hydroxyl bridging ions of aldehydes (such as formaldehyde) and high valent metals (such as aluminum, chromium, zirconium, etc.), and is easily degraded by mechanical and/or oxygen action; In oil extraction, it is mainly used as an oil displacement agent, water plugging agent, profile control agent, viscosity enhancer, drag reducer, water treatment agent, etc.
Applications
Industrial-grade PAC is primarily utilized for the purification of drinking water and the treatment of industrial wastewater, particularly for unique water sources such as oily wastewater, dyeing and paper mill effluent, smelting wastewater, radioactive waste, wastewater containing toxic heavy metals like Pb and Cr, and fluoride-laden water. Additionally, it is valuable across sectors like petroleum drilling, leather production, metallurgy, and papermaking.
Optimal application field
- All kinds of industrial wastewater treatment (papermaking, printing and dyeing, leather, ceramics, metallurgy, mining, oil, fluorine, coal washing, food and other industrial wastewater)
- Recycled water treatment
- Oilfield reinjection water treatment
- Circulating cooling water treatment
- Industrial water treatment
- Urban domestic sewage treatment
Usage and dosage of polyaluminum chloride
The function of polyaluminum chloride is to remove fine suspended particles and colloidal ions from edema through adsorption neutralization, adsorption bridging, compression double layer, precipitation net capture, etc., and achieve purification treatment effect through aggregation, flocculation, coagulation, and precipitation. However, in order to achieve high efficiency in the use of polyaluminum chloride, correct usage methods and processes must be used
1. Dilution method of polyaluminum chloride:
1.To achieve the best flocculation effect and economic benefits, users need to determine the optimal dosage per thousand tons of water through experiments based on different source water turbidity, seasons, and reaction conditions;
2.When used, prepare a 3% -5% aqueous solution (based on the weight of the product): Dissolve the solid product in water at a ratio of 1:3 to form a liquid, then dilute it with 10-30 times the amount of water to the desired concentration before use.
3.The optimal dosage can be determined based on the turbidity of the raw water. Generally, when the turbidity of the raw water is between 100-500mg/L, the dosage per thousand tons is 10-20kg; When the turbidity of the raw water is high, the dosage should be appropriately increased, and when the turbidity is low, the dosage can be appropriately reduced.
2. The dosage varies depending on the water being treated
2.1. The general dosage for water purification is about 5-100 grams/ton for liquid products and 20-25 kilograms/ton for solids, which can be determined through beaker tests. List of dosages of polyaluminum chloride in different water qualities:
| Application area | Kg/thousand tons of water | Application area | Kg/thousand tons of water |
| Domestic water | 2.5-25 | Industrial water | 2.5-25 |
| Urban sewage | 10-50 | Electroplating wastewater | 20-100 |
| Metallurgical wastewater | 20-150 | Papermaking wastewater | 50-300 |
| Printing and dyeing wastewater | 100-300 | Dyeing wastewater | 100-300 |
| Paint wastewater | 100-300 | Leather wastewater | 100-300 |
| Food wastewater | 50-150 | Chemical wastewater | 50-100 |
| Emulsified wastewater | 50-200 | Coal washing wastewater | 30-100 |
2.2.The prepared solution can be directly added to water, and the amount of water added can be determined according to the dosage and the amount of treated water. After adding water, it should be stirred evenly.
2.3.The optimal PH value for addition is 3.5-5.0 (selecting the optimal pH value for addition can maximize the benefits of coagulation).
Precautions for using polyaluminum chloride
1.When using, a small-scale test should be conducted based on the water quality to select the best point with good water purification effect and small dosage.
2.The solution should be used as needed, and the amount of non potable water should be selected according to the actual situation.
3.When using a solid, first dissolve it in water to form a 10-25% solution, then dilute it with water to the desired concentration. When dissolving, slowly add water and stir continuously.
4.Products from different manufacturers or brands cannot be mixed and must not be stored together with other chemicals.
5.The suitable pH value for use at low temperatures is 5-9, and there is no need to add alkali after addition. It has a good flocculation effect and produces less sludge.
6.The effective dosage of the product is 20-50mg L. Liquid products can be directly metered in, while solid products need to be prepared into a 10% -15% solution in a dissolution tank and then metered in according to the required concentration.
7.If uneven mixing occurs during use, dilution can be used before adding.
8.Polyaluminum chloride can be used in combination with weakly cationic polyacrylamide, and when used in combination with aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride, it can be used for sludge preparation.
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