Zwitterionic Polyacrylamide (ZPAM)

What is Zwitterionic Polyacrylamide?

Zwitterionic Polyacrylamide, short as ZPAM, is synthesized by copolymerizing of cationic monomers, acrylamide monomers, and hydrolyzing agents. Through infrared spectroscopy, reveals it’s molecular structure contains both carboxyl anionic groups (from the hydrolysis of acrylamide) and vinyl cationic groups.

ZPAM is a unique polymer has both positive (cationic) and negative (anionic) charges along its molecular chain. This makes ZPAM not only have all the advantages of cationic flocculants but also offer better performance, making it the ideal choice for applications that require both charges in a single product. While simply using cationic and anionic polyacrylamides together, they will react and form a precipitate. In contrast, ZPAM works well without any issues.

Specifications of ZPAM

Features

1. Appearance: White or light yellow granules or powder.
2. Water Solubility: it can dissolves completely in cold water.
3. Floc Strength: Forms dense flocs with low dosage requirements, leading to high water clarity after treatment.
4. Wide pH Range: Effective in a pH range of 2–14, with high filtration capacity and low moisture retention in the filter cake.
5. Surface Tension Reduction: This product acts as a flocculant in water treatment, with a greater ability to reduce surface tension than individual anionic or cationic agents under similar conditions.

Main Applications

1. Mining and Metal Recovery: ZPAM is suitable for acid leaching of ores or for recovering valuable metals from metal-bearing acidic catalysts.
2. Refineries and Chemical Plants: Particularly effective in complex or variable water quality conditions, such as treating difficult-to-float wastewater or dehydrating challenging biochemical sludges, including dead and settled sludge, where it enhances treatment efficiency.